1 Electricity Market Integration and Liberalization (29)
1.1 The structure of the electricity industry
1.2 A single electricity market in Europe ? (32)
2 Progress with European Electricity Liberalization (35)
2.1 The pace of liberalization (36)
2.2 Ownership (37)
2.3 Vertical Integration (39)
2.4 Mergers (41)
2.5 Prices and Costs (43)
2.6 Regulation (45)
2.7 The role of the Europan Commission (47)
3 The social and Political Context of Electricity Supply (52)
3.1 Public service and obligations to supply (52)
3.2 Security of supply (54)
3.3 Environmental effects of electricity (54)
3.4 Electricity and subsidies to encourage employment (58)
3.5 Social impacts as constraints on free trade (60)
4 Current Impediments to Efficient Trade in Electricity (62)
4.1 Ownership restrictions (62)
4.2 Entry restrictions (64)
4.3 Market structure (65)
4.4 Market power (66)
4.5 Access to networks (67)
4.6 Transmission constraints and expansion of the transmission network (68)
4.7 Trading arrangements and market design (70)
4.8 Stranded contracts (71)
4.9 Subsidies (72)
4.10 Electricity and Fuel taxes (74)
5 The EU Electricity Directive (77)
5.1 The EU Electricity Directive (77)
5.2 Complying with the directive (79)
5.2.1 Generation (79)
5.2.2 Transmission and system operation (80)
5.2.3 Distribution and retailing (80)
5.3 Progress with implementing the directive (81)
